Abdominal sonography
Abdominal sonography or ultrasonography is a method of diagnosis of high utility used with success at the current time. Ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of the diseases affecting the components in which normally there is air-liver,kidneys, spleen, bladder, of the ovary, prostate, etc. Heart Ultrasonography does not submit the usefulness in diseases which affect the lungs, brain or bones.
Ultrasonography has the advantage that it has contra-indications, because the rays are from a physical point of view ultrasound with frequency so high that may not be heard. From this point of view, the opposite of
this method of investigation is radiography and computer-tomography, methods of analysis which use X-rays and presents some restrictions in use. Some appliances ultrasound are portable, so that ultrasonography may take place on the cog or at home if the situation so requires.
Indications
Abdominal ultrasonography is recommended by the doctor to find the cause of the abdominal pain, to seek, to measure a cerebral aneurysm or to monitor the aorta, to check the size, shape, density and structure of organs. It is also possible to make in order to assess the various problems in the liver. Abdominal ultrasonography detects biliary kidney (gallstones), inflamed gallbladder (diabetes) or bile ducts blocked by a stone or flared by other causes of pancreatic including.
Abdominal ultrasonography is required in order to discover the problems of the kidneys – rocks on the kidney, formations of tumor, but also disorders of pancreas and spleen. Through the Abdominal ultrasonography, find out if an earth, in any of the components of the abdominal, is a solid tumor or a cyst filled with liquid.
Abdominal ultrasonography is used to guide the placement of a needle or other instrument during a biopsy or can make the needle guide during a procedure to remove the liquid from the abdomen.
Ultrasonography is not contraindications and is even be advisable to make at least one a year. Abdominal ultrasonography measured components, shows their form, but it does not give or twice information about their operation. In these conditions, the diagnosis shall be fixed taking into account and other exams or by laboratory analysis.
The method is not able to detect structures very small, "limit of resolution" being valid
for the structures of less than 3 mm.
What is the test?
The test shall be carried out by a qualified physician in the execution of the ultrasound and the interpretation of ecographycs images.The patient is lying on the bed and on the abdomen will apply a gel which is intended to improve the quality of the transmission ultrasonore waves. A small Ultrasound probe is pressed on the abdomen, being moved forward and backward over the components examined. On a video monitor can be observed the image of the components and the blood vessels.
As a function of the component being watched, the patient will have to stay in a specific position immobile. The patient may be required that at a given moment, to draw air in the chest and to hold him for a few seconds during the scan. It may be necessary to even a deep inspiration.The examination lasts 20- 40 minutes, and then the doctor will pass in the diagnosis
of information obtained.
Risks
The result of the abdominal ultrasound can be inconclusive because of the intestinal gas, the presence of a contrast material in the stomach or the intestines, if the patient has not sat still during the test or has complied with the requirement to inspire and take a few seconds for the air in his chest.
Also, obesity, lack of fluid in the bladder, the wound the first half or open in the area of the exam may compromise the analysis.
Preparation
The patient should know certain aspects particularly needed for the accuracy of the analysis. Ultrasonography can be done without priorly preparing only under the conditions of an emergency. Normally, it is appropriate not to eat with at least 6 hours before and should be eaten only non-gaseous fluids.
For obtaining the images and better quality in Abdominal ultrasonography is indicated that the fulfillment of the examination, the patients to take 1-2 envelopes of SMECTA dissolved in a little water. For good view of the lower abdomen it is well that the bladder is full-patients not to urinate a time before the exam. Of course that as a function of the component or components examined, there are indications specific. Thus, at the diabetic meal it is recommended a diet liquid, and for the investigation of the gallbladder is required for the total diet for fault finding accurate.
For the examination of the pelvis, the patient must consume 5-6 glasses of liquids, with approximately one hour before the exam. So the bladder is full, and view the uterus and ovary is correct, any cysts small business or low load and are easily noticed.
Results
For an Abdominal ultrasound normal size and shape of the components located in the abdominal cavity – the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenals – appear for size and texture of the normal. Is not found free fluid in the abdomen. Also the diameter of the aorta is normal and is not seen aneurysm, wall thickness of gallbladder is normal, the jig bile into the bile ducts between the gallbladder and the duodenum is normal. Are not founded gallstones. Kidney scan appear in the form of beans, have not stones, there is no obstruction in the excretion.
Abdominal ultrasonography record abnormal inflammation, infection or other diseases, a component may be less than in the normal way, because of an injury or chronic. A component can be pushed out the location of its normal due to an abnormal increases in the neighborhood that pressed upon. Also, any abnormal growth can be observed in a code or the presence of
fluid in the abdominal cavity.
An Abdominal ultrasound can record increased diameter of the aorta or a cerebral aneurysm, liver may appear abnormal, gallbladder with thickened walls. Also, the pathways main bile ducts may be flared due to a blockage or a stone can be seen in the inside of the gallbladder. The kidneys or tubes of drainage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder can be up.
An area of infection or a cyst filled with fluid may occur when scanning the structure of organs.